Waters the purpose of this chapter is to discuss the evaluation and treatment of common congenital differences, traumatic and posttraumatic conditions, neuromuscular problems, and growth deformities affecting the upper limb and hand. Medially, the sc joint represents the sole articulation between the upper limb and axial skeleton. Bones of the upper limb the clavicle o the clavicle is an sshaped long bone, which forms part of the pectoral girdle o it articulates proximally with the sternum and distally with the acromion of scapula o bony features include. Upper limb 2 scapula 3 angles superior inferior lateral 3 borders medial lateral superior 2 surfaces 3 processes. Usually these fractures require operative anatomical reduction if. The bones comprising the wrist include the distal ends of the radius and ulna, 8 carpal bones, and the proximal portions of the 5 metacarpal bones. Anatomy, shoulder and upper limb, arm structure and function.
The upper limb or upper extremity is the region in humans or vertebrates extending from the deltoid region which includes the hand, arm, axilla and the shoulder. The humerus is the largest bone of the upper extremity and defines the human brachium arm. L shoulder girdle humerus elbow forearm hand scapular fr head fr olecranon fr forearm bones fr scaphoid fr clavicular fr shaft fr elbow dislocation monteggia frdislocation. Thirty bones in total make up the structure of the upper extremity.
Upper limb bones anatomy bones of the upper extremity. The midcarpal joint is formed by the scaphoid, lunate, and triquetral bones in the proximal row, and the trapezium, trapezoid, capitate, and hamate bones in the distal row. Each section examines major diagnostic categories and anatomic regions. The lower limb is designed for weightbearing, balance, and mobility. Bones of lower limbs including bones of pelvic girdle hip bones and lower limb compared with upper limb no equivalent movements to pronation and supination in upper limb. Pdf anatomy, shoulder and upper limb, forearm bones. The upper limb consists of the arm, forearm, and hand. The best way to take notes follow these five tips for techniques proven to make you feel more confident in classes. Take the upper extremity anatomy quiz and learn more about the bones, joints, muscles and vessels of the upper extremity.
Long bones grow from the epiphyseal plate growth plate at each end. Bd chaurasia human anatomy pdf free download all volumes. Also, we have prepared a special quiz for you to solidify your knowledge about the upper limb anatomy. The leg is the region of the lower limb between the knee and the foot. Find powerpoint presentations and slides using the power of, find free presentations research about fracture of upper limb ppt. Growth of bone long bones grow from the epiphyseal plate growth plate at each end. The thigh is that portion of the lower limb located between the hip joint and knee joint. The 30 bones of each upper limb are illustrated in figure 1. Clinical anatomy lower limb bones, inguinal ligament, hip, knee and ankle joints. The upper limb consists of 64 bones clavicle 2 scapula2 humerus2 radius2 ulna2 bones of the hand the hand consists of 27 bones on each side the eight carpal bones the five metacarpal bones the fourteen phalanges bones. Attachments of upper limb to the axial skeleton bony connection clavicle muscular attachments trapezius, latissmus dorsi.
There are 30 bones in each upper limb see chapter 8. These consist of the arm, located between the shoulder and elbow joints. The motor and sensory supply of the upper limb is provided by the brachial plexus which is formed by the ventral rami of spinal nerves c5t1. Pdf anatomy, shoulder and upper limb, clavicle researchgate. Clinical anatomy lower limb bones, inguinal ligament, hip. The distal radius is one of the most common upper extremity fractures. Bones of the upper limb radiology reference article. The upper limb teachmeanatomy making anatomy simple. Upper limb joints are acromioclavicular joint articulation within the distal end of the clavicle and the acromion of the scapula.
Like the upper limb, the lower limb is divided into three regions. Injuries to the shoulder rarely involve the sc joint. The bones in the upper limb can be divided into those within the arm and pectoral girdle 3, forearm 2 and wrist and hand 27. It consists of three sections, the upper arm, forearm, and hand. In the posterior triangle of the neck these rami form three trunks from which fibers enter the axilla region armpit to innervate the muscles of the anterior and posterior compartments of the limb. There are also a number of accessory ossicles, predominantly occurring at the wrist. The major function of the upper limb is to position the hand in space for use as a mechanical and sensory tool. The upper arm is the region located between the shoulder and elbow joints. The forearm is the region of the upper limb that extends from the elbow to the wrist.
May 28, 2018 bd chaurasiya human anatomy volume 1 pdf upper limb and thorax this book covers a vast portion of the upper body anatomy. The positioning of the clavicle also keeps the extremity far enough away from the thorax, allowing for the range of motion rom of the shoulder to be unimpeded. Lower limb 1 bones of lower limbs including bones of pelvic girdle hip bones and lower limb compared with upper limb no equivalent movements to pronation and supination in upper limb. Arm muscle anatomy, face anatomy, human body anatomy, human anatomy and physiology, anatomy study, anatomy reference, atlas anatomy, upper limb anatomy, hand therapy my first semester. Its bones, muscles, nerves, joints, blood vessels and lymphatics, anatomical areas, and structures found in the hand. View and download powerpoint presentations on fracture of upper limb ppt. Laterally, the acromioclavicular ac joint is surrounded by a relatively weak fibrous capsule, making it more vulnerable to injury. The base of the hand contains eight bones, each called a carpal bone, and the palm of the hand is formed by five bones, each called a metacarpal bone. The clavicle is a sigmoidshaped long bone with a convex surface along its medial end when observed from cephalad position. Property of department of orthopedics, faculty of medicine. It is a clinical syndrome characterized by pain in the shoulder and upper arm during abduction.
Dec 17, 2018 pdf the clavicle is a sigmoidshaped long bone with a convex surface along its medial end when observed from cephalad position. The upper limb sustains a wide variety of fractures that range significantly in demographics, treatment and functional impact. The outline that is provided lists the minimum features that are required for understanding of the muscles and soft tissues that will be studied in the future. It comprises of highly detailed and wellversed chapters on the bones of upper limbs as well as the pectoral region, scapular region, the forearm and the anatomy of the hand, joints of upper limbs and so on. Clinical anatomy lower limb bones, inguinal ligament. Pdf the clavicle is a sigmoidshaped long bone with a convex surface along its medial end when observed from cephalad position.
Bones of the hand are the carpals, metacarpals, and phalanges. The proximal humerus consists of the head, which articulates with the scapula at the glenohumeral joint, the greater and lesser tubercles separated by the. View disclaimer the bones of each upper limb, or upper extremity, consist of the humerus, radius and ulna, carpal bones of the wrist, and the metacarpal bones and phalanges of the hand. They are articulate distally with five metacarpal bones one for each digit. Syndesmosis bones held together by strong ligaments that. Upper extremity fractures radiology reference article. Nov 28, 2017 clinical anatomy lower limb bones, inguinal ligament, hip, knee and ankle joints.
The phalanges are the bones of the digits each finger has three phalanges, except for the thumb, which has two. In this article, we are sharing with you some mnemonics so that you can remember some points easily. Unlike the lower limb, which is used for support, stability, and locomotion, the upper limb is designed to be flexible. To optimize limb length, soft tissue envelope, and functional outcomes, it is important that surgeons understand the technical speci. The goal of fracture treatment is to restore the normal anatomy.
Each upper limb is divided into three regions and contains a total of 30 bones. Identify the divisions of the lower limb and describe the bones of each region. The hand is a very mobile part of the upper limb, and we perform very specialised tasks with it every day, key adaptations can be seen in the specialised structures of the hand. The anatomy of the upper limb is difficult to remember like the rest of anatomy. Dec, 2014 the bones comprising the wrist include the distal ends of the radius and ulna, 8 carpal bones, and the proximal portions of the 5 metacarpal bones.
Describe the bones and bony landmarks that articulate at each joint of the lower limb. Due to his regular use of various modern learning tools, he was awarded the title of most innovative teacher of the. Characteristics of the jointsa plane variety of synovial joint. The humerus is the single bone of the upper arm, and the ulna medially and the radius laterally are the paired bones of the forearm. Our lower limbs carry us, allow us to push forward, and also keep us standing still. These are the femur, patella, tibia, fibula, tarsal bones, metatarsal bones, and phalanges see. The muscles, bones, joints, nerves, blood and lymphatic supply, anatomical areas, and the structures in the.
Pickering is a professor of anatomy and has written various publications in the field. Fractures and dislocations of upper limb slideshare. Oct 07, 2017 hi friends lets have a go at the common upper limb fractures and their key points happy listening post your comments. The sternoclavicular joint is located between the clavicle and the. Anatomy, shoulder and upper limb, clavicle statpearls. He is a member of the american society for surgery of the hand, american association for hand surgery and the american academy of orthopedic surgeons. Although small, the clavicle allows for optimal function of the upper extremity as well as protects the upper extremity by dispersing the amount of force transmitted from direct contact. The role of these two bones is to provide stability and support to the rest of the body, and through articulations with the femur and footankle and the muscles attached to these bones, provide mobility and the ability to ambulate in an upright position. In this section, learn more about the anatomy of the bones of the upper limb the clavicle, scapula, humerus, radius, ulna and hand bones. Hi friends lets have a go at the common upper limb fractures and their key points happy listening post your comments. The leg is specifically the region between the knee joint and the ankle joint. The study of the bones of the upper limb must be completed prior to beginning the dissection of the pectoral region. Apr 29, 2020 find out everything about shoulder anatomy through our fun and engaging educational content.
View disclaimer the bones of each upper limb, or upper extremity, consist of the humerus, radius and ulna, carpal bones of the wrist, and. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. Both ends grow, but generally one end will grow faster than the other. We use cookies to ensure that we give you the best experience on our website.